UK weather: How long will the cold snap last?

The UK is in the grip of a spell of severe cold weather, with snow and ice warnings in place in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the east coast of England.

Forecasters think we’re likely to be experiencing icy temperatures until at least early next week and maybe beyond that, but what’s causing the cold snap and should we be surprised?

Temperatures in the UK were about average for December until Tuesday – with daytime highs between 8C (46F) in southern England and 5C (41F) in Scotland – but they have now dropped substantially.

On Wednesday, overnight temperatures fell below -9C (15.8F) in the Scottish Highlands and on Thursday the temperature in Benson, Oxfordshire, was recorded at -8C (17.6F) at 08:00 GMT, while Shap, in Cumbria, was -8.5C (16.7C).

Data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts shows how northern Europe – including the UK – is expected to be colder than usual across the course of next week, while southern Europe is expected to be warmer than usual.

There has been a large area of high pressure over Russia for some time and a second high pressure system has built up across Greenland and Iceland.

The second is moving slightly further west, forcing cold Arctic air to flow south between the high and low pressure systems and over the UK – a so-called Arctic blast.

That flow of cold air is then reinforcing the highs, resulting in what is known as a “blocked pattern” with the high pressure areas remaining in place for several days.

BBC Weather presenter Matt Taylor says there are some low pressure systems in the Atlantic which will probably push into western Europe and could eventually break down the blocked cold weather pattern.

The cold weather comes as a particular shock because we’ve had a very warm autumn – the third warmest on record for the UK.

Met Office data shows just how much warmer than usual September, October and November have been, with mean highest daily temperatures in some places 2.5C above the average between 1990 and 2020.

It’s also been a while since we’ve had a really cold December in the UK.

December 2010 was the coldest on record for the UK based on mean temperatures – and also very snowy. The first half of December 2012 was also well below average but much milder weather in the second half of the month meant it ended up about average overall.

Since then, December cold spells have been short and infrequent.

Temperatures are expected to remain low for several days, with overnight lows of -5C in many towns and city centres.

And although temperatures for many will be back above freezing during the day, forecasters warn the northerly wind means it could feel much colder.

Find out the weather where you are.

There are not many indications that this cold spell will remain in place until Christmas and temperatures are expected to return to average in the week leading up to Christmas Day, BBC Weather’s Nikki Berry says.

But she adds that forecasters aren’t confident of this and, even with average temperatures, snow could still fall at times on high ground.

Traditionally the Met Office defined a white Christmas as one snowflake being observed falling in the 24 hours of 25 December at the Met Office building in London.

However, with the rise in betting on where there could be a white Christmas it increased the number of locations observed and they now include sites such as Buckingham Palace, Edinburgh Castle, Coronation Street in Manchester and the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.

For Oddschecker, the odds on a white Christmas is determined by whether there is snowfall recorded in each city’s respective airport.